The weak transform of a purely nonmonomial ideal is purely nonmonomial #
Step 1 of the proof of [Kol07, Theorem 107] (item 111) rests on the remark that the transform of the
nonmonomial part N(π) and the marked transform of (π, m) differ by a product of powers of the
exceptional divisors, hence only in their monomial part. Its content for one blow-up is
that the marked transform of N(π), taken at its exact order along the centre, is again purely
nonmonomial for the transformed boundary family. This file proves that statement: for an ideal sheaf
K whose exponents along all components of the boundary family F vanish, with ord_Y K = d along
the centre Y and ord K β€ d at every point of Y, the weak transform W = Ο_*^{-1}(K, d) has
vanishing exponents along every component of F' = F.totalTransform Ο Y
(componentExponent_weakTransformOf_eq_zero), so that M_{F'}(W) = β€ and N_{F'}(W) = W. The
components of F' are of two kinds.
- Components of the strict transforms of the members. The exponent of
Walong such a componentC'is read at a point ofC'off the exceptional divisor, which exists becauseC'is relatively open in the strict transform of the member andΟβ»ΒΉ(E^j \ Y)is dense there. At such a pointWis the total transform ofK, the blow-up is a local analytic isomorphism, and the exponent is an exponent ofKalong a component ofF, hence zero. - Components of the exceptional divisor. The exponent of
Walong such a componentΞ±is read at a point ofΞ±whereWis the unit ideal. Such a point exists by KollΓ‘r's computation of the transform in coordinates [Kol07, Definition 60, (60.3)], as in the proof of [Kol07, Lemma 61]: an elementfofKof orderdat the base point has transformf / x_r^d = Q(y), a polynomial in the ratio coordinatesywith a unit coefficient; the polynomial of values is nonzero, so some ratio vectorthasQ(t) β 0, and the slice of the blow-up chart with the scaling and off-block coordinates of the base point is connected, so the point with ratiostlies inΞ±.
The weak transform, the total transform divided by the exact power of the ideal of the exceptional
divisor, is Hironaka's [Hir64, Β§5, p. 142]; the marked transform at the exact order coincides with
it (birationalTransform_eq_weakTransformOf_of_ordAlong_eq).
A component contains the connected component of any of its points #
A point of the connected component of x in the member E^j, for x on the component
i = β¨j, Cβ©, lies on componentSet G i: the connected component of x is the class of x.
Off the exceptional divisor #
Off the centre the weak transform has the stalk of the total transform: the exponent of the
exceptional ideal that is divided out is the (generic) order of K along the empty trace of the
centre, that is toNat β€ = 0, so the colon is by the unit ideal.
At a point where the blow-up is a local analytic isomorphism, the order of the total transform
of J along the total transform of D equals the order of J along D at the image point: the
germ map is bijective there and carries the stalk ideals, their inclusions and their powers.
A point of a strict-transform component off the centre #
Every component C' of the strict transform of a member E^j contains a point off the
exceptional divisor: C' is the trace on the strict transform closure (Οβ»ΒΉ(E^j \ Y)) of an open
set, which therefore meets Οβ»ΒΉ(E^j \ Y).
The exponent along a strict-transform component is an exponent below #
The exponent of the weak transform along a component β¨inl j, C'β© of the strict transform of
E^j, read at a point a' of it off the centre lying over the component β¨j, Cβ© of F, is the
exponent of K along β¨j, Cβ©: both exponents are orders at the actual points; the weak transform
has the stalk of the total transform there (weakTransformOf_stalkIdeal_of_notMem), the ideal of
the component of F' is the total transform of the ideal of the component of F
(stalkIdeal_totalTransform_componentIdeal_of_notMem), and the order transports along the local
analytic isomorphism Ο (ordAlongIdeal_totalTransform_of_isLocalDiffeomorphAt).
If K is purely nonmonomial for F (every exponent along a component of F is 0, as for
K = N(π) by componentExponent_nonmonomialPart_eq_zero), then the exponent of its weak transform
along every component β¨inl j, C'β© of a strict transform is 0: read it at a point of C' off the
centre (exists_mem_componentSet_inl_notMem) as an exponent of K
(componentExponent_weakTransformOf_inl_eq). No hypothesis on the order of K along the centre is
needed.
The fibre slice of a blow-up chart lies in one exceptional component #
In a blow-up chart Ξ¦ of index i containing a point a' of the exceptional component
β¨inr (), Ξ±β©, every vector t of ratio coordinates is realised by a point a'' of the same
component over the same base point, with the scaling and off-block coordinates of a': the slice of
the chart with scaling coordinate 0 and the off-block coordinates of a' is the continuous image
of the ratio space, hence connected, lies in Οβ»ΒΉ(Y) and contains a', so it lies in the connected
component of a' in the exceptional divisor.
The unit point: KollΓ‘r's expansion in the chart ring #
For K of order exactly d along the centre and of order β€ d at its points, the marked
transform Ο_*^{-1}(K, d) is the unit ideal at some point of every component of the exceptional
divisor. This is KollΓ‘r's computation of the transform in coordinates Kol07, Definition 60,
(60.3), as in the proof of [Kol07, Lemma 61]: at a point a of the centre an element f of K_a
of order d has transform f / x_r^d = Q(y), a polynomial in the ratio coordinates with a unit
coefficient (exists_transformElem_eq_chartPresentation); the polynomial of the coefficients'
values is nonzero, so some ratio vector t has a nonzero value (MvPolynomial.funext, the field
being infinite); at the point a'' of the component with ratios t
(exists_mem_componentSet_inr_of_ratios) the chart-ring map carries Q(y) into the stalk of the
marked transform with value Q(t) β 0, a unit.
The exceptional components, and the corollaries #
With ord K β€ d on the centre, the exponent of the weak transform along every component of the
exceptional divisor is 0: read it at the point where the marked transform is the unit ideal
(exists_mem_componentSet_inr_birationalTransform_stalkIdeal_eq_top), the marked transform being
the weak transform at the exact order.
All exponents of the weak transform along the components of the transformed boundary family
vanish: along the strict transforms by componentExponent_weakTransformOf_inl, along the
exceptional components by componentExponent_weakTransformOf_inr.
The monomial part of the weak transform with respect to the transformed boundary family is the unit ideal: every component exponent vanishes.
Purity of the weak transform: N_{F'}(W) = W, from M_{F'}(W) Β· N_{F'}(W) = W with M_{F'}(W)
the unit ideal.
Purity of the marked transform at the exact order: for K purely nonmonomial for F (as
K = N(π)), d the exact order of K along the centre and ord K β€ d on the centre, the marked
transform Ο_*^{-1}(K, d) is its own nonmonomial part with respect to the transformed boundary
family. This is the one-blow-up form of the remark of [Kol07, 111, Step 1].